Glossary A–Z
Every trading, crypto and forex term on one page. Filter by topic and level, or just start typing.
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Showing: 317 / 317 terms
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2FA (two-factor authentication)2FA is a second lock on your account: besides the password you need a code from an app, a hardware key or an SMS. If your password leaks, nobody…Wallets and security · Beginner3-D Secure3-D Secure (3DS) is an extra check when you pay by card online: your bank asks you to approve the purchase in its app, with an SMS code or with…Payments and crypto cards · Beginner
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Address poisoningAddress poisoning is a scam where someone sends you a tiny transfer from an address that looks like one you often use, hoping you copy it from your…Wallets and security · AdvancedAirdropAn airdrop is a token handout: a project sends coins to the wallets of people who used its service, held a token or joined a list of participants.DeFi and on-chain · BeginnerAltcoinAn altcoin is any cryptocurrency other than bitcoin; the name comes from "alternative coin". Many altcoins have higher volatility and lower…Crypto basics · BeginnerAltseasonAltseason is a period when most altcoins rise noticeably faster than bitcoin. It usually comes with falling BTC dominance and a frenzy across the…Crypto basics · BeginnerAMLAML (anti-money laundering) is the set of measures against money laundering: checking customers, monitoring suspicious transactions and reporting…Tax and regulation · BeginnerAMM (automated market maker)An AMM (automated market maker) is a smart contract that sets the swap price by a formula based on the token balances in a pool, with no order book…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedAnti-phishing codeAn anti-phishing code is a secret word you set in your exchange settings. It appears in every genuine email from the exchange, so an email without…Wallets and security · BeginnerAPI keyAn API key is a key and secret pair that lets a program access your exchange account without your login and password. You set its permissions: read,…Exchanges and trading · AdvancedApple Pay and Google Pay with a crypto cardUsing Apple Pay or Google Pay with a crypto card means paying by phone or watch with a card that draws from a crypto or card balance. It only works…Payments and crypto cards · BeginnerAPY and APRAPR is a yearly rate without compounding, while APY is the yearly return including reinvested earnings. For the same rate, APY is always equal to or…DeFi and on-chain · BeginnerArbitrageArbitrage is profiting from a price difference for the same asset across venues or instruments: buying where it is cheaper and selling at the same…Exchanges and trading · AdvancedATH and ATLATH (all-time high) is an asset's highest price ever, and ATL (all-time low) is its lowest. They show how far the asset is from its peak and from…Crypto basics · BeginnerATR (average true range)ATR (average true range) is a volatility indicator that shows how far price has moved per candle on average over the last N candles (usually 14).Technical analysis · AdvancedAuto-deleveraging (ADL)Auto-deleveraging (ADL) is the forced reduction of profitable traders' positions when the insurance fund cannot cover the loss from a liquidation on…Derivatives · AdvancedAveraging downAveraging down is buying more of an asset that has fallen since you bought it, to lower your average entry price. It enlarges a position that is…Risk management · Beginner
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BacktestingBacktesting is testing a trading strategy on historical data to see how it would have performed under fixed rules. It gives you statistics, not a…Risk management · AdvancedBalance, equity and free marginBalance is the money in your account excluding open trades. Equity is balance plus the current profit or loss on them. Free margin is equity minus…Forex · BeginnerBasisBasis is the difference between a futures price and the spot price of the asset. Positive basis means the future is above spot; negative basis means…Derivatives · AdvancedBid and askThe bid is the best price someone will currently pay for an asset, and the ask is the best price someone will currently sell it for. The gap between…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerBitcoin (BTC)Bitcoin is the first and best-known cryptocurrency. It runs on a blockchain with no central operator, and its supply is capped at 21 million coins.Crypto basics · BeginnerBitcoin dominanceBitcoin dominance is BTC's share of the total crypto market cap, as a percentage. It shows where money is flowing: into bitcoin or into altcoins.Crypto basics · AdvancedBlockA block is a batch of transactions the network adds to the blockchain in one go. It contains the hash of the previous block, so blocks form a chain…Crypto basics · BeginnerBlock explorerA block explorer is a website where you can look up any transaction, address or block on a public blockchain: amount, fee, status and number of…Crypto basics · BeginnerBlockchainA blockchain is a shared record of transactions kept as a chain of blocks. Each block is linked to the previous one by a hash, so rewriting history…Crypto basics · BeginnerBlockchain bridgeA blockchain bridge is a service that moves tokens from one network to another, usually by locking them on the source chain and issuing an…DeFi and on-chain · BeginnerBollinger BandsBollinger Bands are an indicator made of a moving average (usually the 20 SMA) and two lines above and below it set two standard deviations away.…Technical analysis · BeginnerBOS (break of structure)A break of structure (BOS) is price breaking the last significant high in an uptrend or the last significant low in a downtrend. It confirms the…Technical analysis · AdvancedBreakevenBreakeven is the price at which a trade closes at zero after fees. 'Moving to breakeven' means shifting your stop-loss to the entry price so the…Risk management · BeginnerBreakoutA breakout is price moving beyond a key level: resistance, support or the edge of a range. It can be true or false, so many traders wait for a close…Technical analysis · BeginnerBroker commissionA broker commission is a fixed fee per trade charged on top of the spread, usually in dollars per lot. It is typical on tight-spread accounts such…Forex · BeginnerBroker regulationBroker regulation is government oversight of forex and CFD brokers: licences, capital requirements, how client money is held and how retail traders…Forex · BeginnerBull and bear marketA bull market is a long stretch when prices broadly rise; a bear market is one when they broadly fall. There is no exact line; trend and sentiment…Crypto basics · Beginner
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Call and putA call is an option that gives the right to buy an asset at a set price (the strike); a put gives the right to sell it at that price. The buyer pays…Derivatives · AdvancedCandlestickA candlestick is a chart element showing the open, high, low and close (OHLC) for one period. The body spans open to close; the wicks reach the high…Technical analysis · BeginnerCapital gainsA capital gain is the profit from selling an asset for more than you paid: the sale price minus your cost basis. In many countries it is taxed.Tax and regulation · BeginnerCard limitsCard limits are the maximum amounts you can spend, withdraw or load per transaction, day, month or year. The issuer sets them, and you can often…Payments and crypto cards · BeginnerCard top-upA card top-up is moving money onto a card balance: from a bank account, another card or, for crypto cards, a crypto wallet. The method decides the…Payments and crypto cards · BeginnerCarry tradeA carry trade is a strategy of borrowing a low interest rate currency and investing in a high-rate one to earn the rate difference. The main risk is…Forex · AdvancedCBDC (central bank digital currency)A CBDC is a digital form of a national currency issued by the central bank. It is not a cryptocurrency: the state controls it, and it is always…Crypto basics · AdvancedCentral bank rateA central bank rate is the key interest rate a central bank uses to set the cost of money in an economy. Loans, savings and the exchange rate all…Forex · BeginnerCEX and DEXA CEX is a centralized exchange: a company holds your funds and runs the order book. A DEX is decentralized: swaps run through smart contracts and…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerCFD (contract for difference)A CFD (contract for difference) is an agreement with a broker under which you receive or pay the change in an asset's price between opening and…Derivatives · BeginnerChargebackA chargeback is a card refund made through your bank when you dispute a payment: goods never arrived, you were overcharged or you did not make it.…Payments and crypto cards · AdvancedCHoCH (change of character)A change of character (CHoCH) is the first break of market structure against the current trend. It is an early signal that the trend may be reversing.Technical analysis · AdvancedCirculating, total and max supplyCirculating supply is the coins in the market right now. Total supply is all coins created so far, including locked ones. Max supply is how many…Crypto basics · BeginnerCoin vs tokenA coin is the native currency of its own blockchain (BTC, ETH); a token is issued by a smart contract inside another blockchain (USDT on Ethereum).…Crypto basics · BeginnerCollateralCollateral is an asset you lock up to get a loan or open a position. If you fail to repay or the price moves against you, the collateral can be sold.DeFi and on-chain · BeginnerConfirmation biasConfirmation bias is the tendency to notice and value information that supports what you already believe and to ignore what contradicts it. In…Risk management · AdvancedConfluenceConfluence is when several independent signals line up at the same price or zone, such as a level, a Fibonacci ratio and the trend. The more they…Technical analysis · AdvancedConsensusConsensus is how thousands of independent nodes agree on the next block and on the true version of history, with no central server. The main types…Crypto basics · AdvancedContango and backwardationContango is when futures trade above spot and later expiries cost more than nearer ones. Backwardation is the opposite: futures trade below spot.…Derivatives · AdvancedCopy tradingCopy trading is automatically mirroring another trader's trades in your own account, scaled to the amount you allocate. You copy their profits,…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerCost basisCost basis is what you spent to acquire an asset, including fees. It is subtracted from the sale price to find your taxable gain or loss.Tax and regulation · AdvancedCross rateA cross rate is the exchange rate between two currencies without the US dollar, such as EUR/GBP or EUR/JPY. You can work it out from two pairs that…Forex · AdvancedCross-border transfersA cross-border transfer (remittance) is sending money from one country to another: through a bank, a money transfer service or, increasingly, with…Payments and crypto cards · BeginnerCRS and automatic information exchangeCRS (Common Reporting Standard) is an OECD standard under which banks and financial firms report accounts held by foreign tax residents, and…Tax and regulation · AdvancedCrypto ATMA crypto ATM is a machine that sells cryptocurrency for cash or by card, and some models also buy it back and pay out cash.Payments and crypto cards · BeginnerCrypto cardA crypto card is a payment card you top up with crypto, usually stablecoins. When you pay, the service converts the coins into regular money, and…Payments and crypto cards · BeginnerCrypto ETFA crypto ETF is an exchange-traded fund whose shares trade on a stock exchange and track a cryptocurrency's price. You get exposure to BTC or ETH…Crypto basics · BeginnerCrypto exchangeA crypto exchange is a platform where you buy, sell and swap cryptocurrency for money or other coins. It matches buyers with sellers and charges a…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerCrypto taxCrypto tax is tax on income from crypto: on gains when you sell or swap it, and on receipts such as staking rewards or salary paid in crypto. The…Tax and regulation · BeginnerCryptocurrencyCryptocurrency is digital money whose records live on a blockchain instead of one bank's database. A network of computers checks transfers, and a…Crypto basics · BeginnerCurrency conversion feeA currency conversion fee is what you pay to swap one currency for another when you pay by card or send money. It is usually a percentage on top of…Payments and crypto cards · BeginnerCurrency correlationCurrency correlation is a measure of how closely two currency pairs move together. It runs from −1 (always opposite) to +1 (always together); 0…Forex · AdvancedCurrency pairA currency pair is the price of one currency in another. In EUR/USD the euro is the base and the dollar is the quote; the price shows how many…Forex · BeginnerCustodial vs non-custodial walletA custodial wallet means a company, such as an exchange, holds the keys to your coins. A non-custodial wallet means only you hold the keys and seed…Wallets and security · Beginner
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Daily loss limitA daily loss limit is the maximum amount or percentage of your account you are willing to lose in one day. Once you hit it, you stop trading for the…Risk management · BeginnerDAO (decentralized autonomous organization)A DAO (decentralized autonomous organization) is a community whose rules and shared treasury live in smart contracts, with decisions made by token…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedDay tradingDay trading is a style where trades are opened and closed within the same day, with no positions held overnight. The trader aims to profit from…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerDealing desk and market makerA dealing desk is a broker model where the broker itself takes the other side of your trades, acting as a market maker, instead of passing them to…Forex · AdvancedDecentralizationDecentralization means control over a network or service is spread across many independent participants instead of one company. That way no single…Crypto basics · BeginnerDeFiDeFi (decentralized finance) is financial services built on smart contracts: swaps, loans and yield with no bank or exchange in between. You control…DeFi and on-chain · BeginnerDeFi lendingDeFi lending is borrowing and lending through smart contracts: some users deposit crypto to earn interest, others borrow against collateral that is…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedDemo accountA demo account is a practice account with virtual money where you trade at real prices without risk. It is for learning a platform and testing a…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerDEX (decentralized exchange)A DEX is a decentralized exchange: a smart contract on a blockchain that lets you swap tokens straight from your own wallet, with no account and no…DeFi and on-chain · BeginnerDEX aggregatorA DEX aggregator is a service that searches many decentralized exchanges at once for the best swap price and, when needed, splits one trade across…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedDivergenceDivergence is a mismatch between price and a momentum indicator (RSI, MACD), when price makes a new high or low but the indicator does not. It hints…Technical analysis · AdvancedDiversificationDiversification is spreading money across different assets so one failure does not sink the whole portfolio. It lowers risk but does not remove it.Risk management · BeginnerDojiA doji is a candle whose open and close are almost equal, so it has almost no body. It shows indecision: neither buyers nor sellers won the period.Technical analysis · BeginnerDollar-cost averaging (DCA)Dollar-cost averaging (DCA) is buying an asset with the same amount of money at regular intervals, whatever the price. It smooths out a bad entry…Risk management · BeginnerDouble top and double bottomA double top is a reversal pattern of two highs at roughly the same level with a pullback between them, and a double bottom is its mirror image made…Technical analysis · BeginnerDow theoryDow theory is a set of trend principles drawn from Charles Dow's writing in the late 19th century. Most technical analysis rests on it: price…Technical analysis · BeginnerDrawdownA drawdown is the decline of an account or asset from a peak to the following low, in percent. After a 50% drawdown you need a 100% gain just to get…Risk management · BeginnerDYORDYOR (Do Your Own Research) is the principle of checking things yourself: before putting money into a coin or project, study it on your own instead…Crypto basics · Beginner
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ECN and STPECN and STP are models in which a broker routes your order to the outside market instead of taking the other side. ECN matches orders in a shared…Forex · AdvancedEconomic calendarAn economic calendar is a schedule of key economic data releases and events, such as inflation, jobs and rate decisions. It shows the time, the…Forex · BeginnerElliott wavesElliott wave theory says markets move in repeating waves: five waves with the trend (an impulse) and three waves against it (a correction).Technical analysis · AdvancedEMAEMA (exponential moving average) is a line of the average price over N candles in which recent prices weigh more than older ones. It reacts faster…Technical analysis · BeginnerEngulfing patternAn engulfing pattern is a two-candle pattern where the second candle's body fully covers the first one's body and moves the other way. It hints at a…Technical analysis · BeginnerEthereum (ETH)Ethereum is a blockchain for smart contracts and apps, and ETH is its native coin. ETH pays for gas (network fees) and is locked in staking to…Crypto basics · BeginnerExchange inflows and outflowsExchange inflows and outflows are an on-chain metric showing how many coins move to and from exchange addresses. Traders use it as an indirect…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedExpectancyExpectancy is the average result per trade over many trades, combining win rate with the size of wins and losses. Positive expectancy is the sign of…Risk management · AdvancedExpiryExpiry is the date and time a futures or options contract ends, gets settled and stops existing. After it, positions in that contract are closed.Derivatives · Advanced
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Fair Value Gap (FVG)A Fair Value Gap (FVG) is a price gap inside three candles: the wicks of the first and third candles do not overlap. In SMC price often returns to…Technical analysis · AdvancedFakeoutA fakeout (false breakout) is when price moves beyond a support or resistance level but quickly returns and heads the other way, trapping traders…Technical analysis · BeginnerFDV (fully diluted valuation)FDV is a project's market cap as if every coin were already circulating: price × max (or total) supply. A big gap between FDV and market cap signals…Crypto basics · AdvancedFiatFiat is ordinary government money such as the dollar, euro or yen. Its value rests on trust in the state and central bank, not on gold or another…Crypto basics · BeginnerFibonacci retracementFibonacci retracement levels are horizontal lines at 23.6%, 38.2%, 50%, 61.8% and 78.6% of a price move, where traders look for a pullback to end…Technical analysis · BeginnerFlag and pennantFlags and pennants are trend continuation patterns: a short pause after a sharp move (the pole), after which price often keeps going in the same…Technical analysis · BeginnerFlash loanA flash loan is an uncollateralized DeFi loan that must be borrowed and repaid with a fee inside a single blockchain transaction. If it is not…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedFOMC (Federal Reserve)The FOMC (Federal Open Market Committee) is the body of the US Federal Reserve that sets the benchmark US dollar interest rate. Its decisions move…Forex · AdvancedFOMOFOMO (fear of missing out) is the fear of missing a profit. It pushes you to buy after a big rally with no plan and no stop. Written entry rules are…Risk management · BeginnerForexForex (FX) is the global market for exchanging currencies, where one currency is bought with another. It is the largest financial market by volume…Forex · BeginnerFork (hard fork and soft fork)A fork is a change to a blockchain's rules or a split of its chain. A soft fork stays compatible with old nodes; a hard fork does not, and if part…Crypto basics · AdvancedFUDFUD (fear, uncertainty, doubt) is negative news or rumours that spread panic in the market. Sometimes it points to real risks, sometimes it is…Crypto basics · BeginnerFunding rateThe funding rate is a periodic payment between longs and shorts in perpetual futures. It keeps the futures price close to spot. With positive…Derivatives · AdvancedFuturesA futures contract is an agreement to buy or sell an asset at a set price on a future date. Futures let you profit from both rising and falling…Derivatives · Beginner
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GDPGDP (gross domestic product) is the value of all goods and services produced in a country over a period. Its growth shows whether the economy is…Forex · BeginnerGold (XAU/USD)XAU/USD is the price of gold in US dollars per troy ounce (about 31.1 g). Brokers offer gold as a currency-style pair, usually as a CFD or spot…Forex · BeginnerGolden cross and death crossA golden cross is when the 50-day moving average crosses above the 200-day one, and a death cross is when it crosses below. They are read as signs…Technical analysis · BeginnerGrid botA grid bot is a bot that places a ladder of limit orders across a price range, buying on steps down and selling on steps up. It profits from swings…Exchanges and trading · Advanced
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HalvingA halving is the event that cuts the Bitcoin miner reward for a new block in half. It happens every 210,000 blocks, which is roughly every four years.Crypto basics · BeginnerHammer and hanging manHammer and hanging man are candles with a small body at the top and a long lower wick. After a drop it is a hammer (hints at a rise); after a rally…Technical analysis · BeginnerHardware walletA hardware wallet is a separate device that keeps your private keys offline and signs transactions inside itself. The keys never touch your…Wallets and security · BeginnerHashA hash is a short, fixed-length fingerprint of data made by a hash function. Change one character of the data and the hash changes completely, and…Crypto basics · AdvancedHashrateHashrate is mining computing power: how many hashes per second a device or a whole network tries. The higher a network's hashrate, the more…Crypto basics · AdvancedHead and shouldersHead and shoulders is a reversal pattern of three peaks where the middle one (the head) is higher than the two on the sides (the shoulders). Inverse…Technical analysis · BeginnerHedgeA hedge is a protective position against an open trade. You keep the main position and open a second one in the opposite direction, so a loss on one…Risk management · AdvancedHeikin-AshiHeikin-Ashi is a candlestick chart type where each candle is built from averaged prices. It smooths out noise and shows trends more clearly, but it…Technical analysis · AdvancedHigher highs and higher lowsHigher highs and higher lows (HH and HL) are rising peaks and rising dips that together form an uptrend. A downtrend is the opposite: lower highs…Technical analysis · BeginnerHODLHODL is the strategy of holding crypto for the long term and not selling during drops and panic. The word comes from a 2013 forum post that…Crypto basics · BeginnerHoneypot tokenA honeypot token is a scam token you can buy but cannot sell. Its smart contract code blocks selling for everyone except the creator, so buyers'…Wallets and security · AdvancedHot and cold walletA hot wallet keeps its keys on an internet-connected device: convenient but more exposed. A cold wallet keeps keys offline (for example, a hardware…Wallets and security · Beginner
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Ichimoku CloudIchimoku Cloud is a five-line indicator that shows trend, support and resistance, and momentum on one chart. It was developed in Japan in the 20th…Technical analysis · AdvancedICO and IDOICO and IDO are first-time sales of a new project's tokens to raise money. In an ICO the team sells tokens itself; in an IDO the sale runs through a…Crypto basics · AdvancedImpermanent lossImpermanent loss is the shortfall a liquidity provider in an AMM pool suffers versus simply holding the same tokens, caused by the tokens' prices…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedImplied volatilityImplied volatility (IV) is the size of price swings the market expects, worked out from option prices. High IV means expensive options and…Derivatives · AdvancedIndex priceIndex price is a weighted average spot price of an asset across several major exchanges. Futures use it as a reference for funding, mark price and…Derivatives · AdvancedInflation and CPIInflation is the rise in prices across an economy. CPI (Consumer Price Index) is its main measure: it tracks how much a typical basket of goods and…Forex · BeginnerInitial marginInitial margin is the collateral you must put up to open a leveraged position. It equals position size divided by leverage: at 10x it is 10% of the…Derivatives · AdvancedInsurance fundAn insurance fund is an exchange reserve that covers losses from liquidations that could not be closed at the bankruptcy price. It protects winning…Derivatives · AdvancedIsolated and cross marginIsolated margin limits a position's risk to its own collateral, while cross margin uses your whole available account balance to keep positions from…Derivatives · Beginner
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Kelly criterionThe Kelly criterion is a formula for the share of capital to risk on a trade to maximise long-run growth. In practice traders use a fraction of it.Risk management · AdvancedKillzone (ICT)A killzone is an ICT term for short time windows around the opening of major trading sessions, when price usually moves most: the Asian, London and…Technical analysis · AdvancedKYCKYC (Know Your Customer) is identity verification at an exchange or broker: documents, sometimes a selfie. Regulators require it to fight money…Tax and regulation · Beginner
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Layer 2 (L2)Layer 2 (L2) is a network on top of a main blockchain (Layer 1). It processes activity on its own and posts a compressed result to the base chain to…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedLeverageLeverage is trading a position larger than your own funds by borrowing from the exchange or broker. 10x leverage multiplies both profit and loss by…Derivatives · BeginnerLimit orderA limit order is an order to buy or sell at your price or better. You control the price, but a fill is not guaranteed: the market may never reach it.Exchanges and trading · BeginnerLinear and inverse contractsLinear contracts are margined and settled in a stablecoin such as USDT; inverse contracts are margined and settled in the crypto itself, such as…Derivatives · AdvancedLiquid stakingLiquid staking is staking through a protocol that gives you a receipt token for your coins. The coins earn rewards while the receipt can be traded…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedLiquidationLiquidation is the forced closing of a leveraged position when your collateral can no longer cover the loss. Know the liquidation price before you…Derivatives · BeginnerLiquidation priceLiquidation price is the price at which the exchange force-closes your leveraged position because your collateral is no longer enough. The higher…Derivatives · BeginnerLiquidityLiquidity is how easily an asset can be bought or sold quickly without moving the price much. In SMC the word also means zones where stops cluster.Exchanges and trading · BeginnerLiquidity poolA liquidity pool is a shared pot of tokens in a smart contract. A DEX swaps coins from it, and depositors earn a share of the fees. A formula, not…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedLiquidity sweepA liquidity sweep is a quick poke through a high or low where stops cluster, followed by a return. In SMC it is read as big players filling orders…Technical analysis · AdvancedListing and delistingListing is when an exchange adds a coin for trading; delisting is when it removes it. After a delisting you can no longer trade the coin there and…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerLong and shortLong and short are the two directions of a trade. Long: buying to profit from a rise. Short: selling to profit from a fall, buying back cheaper later.Derivatives · BeginnerLong/short ratioThe long/short ratio is a measure of how many futures traders or positions are betting on a rise compared with those betting on a fall right now.Derivatives · AdvancedLoss aversionLoss aversion is the tendency to feel a loss roughly twice as strongly as a gain of the same size. It makes traders hold losers and take profits too…Risk management · AdvancedLotA lot is the standard unit of trade size in forex. One standard lot is 100,000 units of the base currency, a mini lot 10,000 and a micro lot 1,000.Forex · Beginner
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MACDMACD is a trend and momentum indicator that shows the difference between two exponential moving averages (usually 12 and 26) along with its signal…Technical analysis · BeginnerMaintenance marginMaintenance margin is the minimum collateral needed to keep a position open. If your margin after losses falls below this level, the position is…Derivatives · AdvancedMajors, minors and exoticsMajors, minors and exotics are groups of currency pairs. Majors pair the US dollar with the largest currencies, minors leave out the dollar, and…Forex · BeginnerMaker and takerA maker places a limit order that sits in the order book and adds liquidity. A taker's order fills right away against existing orders and removes…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerMarginMargin is the collateral locked to open and hold a leveraged position. If it runs short, the broker sends a margin call or closes the position.Derivatives · BeginnerMargin callA margin call is a broker's warning that your account barely has enough funds to keep open positions. You need to add money or close some trades.Forex · BeginnerMargin levelMargin level is equity divided by used margin, expressed as a percentage. It shows how far your account is from a margin call and forced closing of…Forex · AdvancedMark priceMark price is a calculated fair price for a futures contract that the exchange uses for unrealized profit and liquidation. It protects you from…Derivatives · AdvancedMarket capMarket cap is the price of one coin multiplied by the number of coins in circulation. It shows how big a project is, not how good it is.Crypto basics · BeginnerMarket depthMarket depth is how much buy and sell interest sits in the order book at different prices. The deeper the market, the more you can buy or sell…Exchanges and trading · AdvancedMarket makerA market maker is a trader or firm that keeps both buy and sell orders in the market at all times, providing liquidity. It earns the spread between…Exchanges and trading · AdvancedMarket orderA market order is an instruction to buy or sell right away at the best price available in the order book. It fills instantly, but the exact price is…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerMarket structureMarket structure is the pattern of price highs and lows: HH, HL, LH, LL. It shows whether there is a trend and when that trend may be breaking.Technical analysis · AdvancedMemecoinA memecoin is a cryptocurrency driven by memes, jokes and community rather than a useful function. Its price runs on hype and can multiply or…Crypto basics · BeginnerMemo and tagA memo or tag is an extra code in a transfer that tells an exchange which customer to credit when coins arrive at a shared address. Without it the…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerMempoolThe mempool is the queue of unconfirmed transactions. Your transfer waits there until a miner or validator includes it in a block.Crypto basics · AdvancedMetaTrader 4 and 5MetaTrader 4 and 5 (MT4 and MT5) are popular trading platforms for forex and CFDs, with charts, indicators, orders and trading robots. The software…Forex · BeginnerMEV and sandwich attackMEV (maximal extractable value) is profit made by reordering transactions in a block. A sandwich attack is a common form: a bot buys right before…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedMiCA (EU crypto regulation)MiCA (Markets in Crypto-Assets) is the EU regulation on crypto-assets: one set of rules for stablecoin and token issuers and for crypto service…Tax and regulation · AdvancedMiningMining is the work a Proof of Work network uses to check transactions and pack them into blocks. The miner who adds a new block earns a reward in…Crypto basics · BeginnerMPC walletAn MPC wallet is a wallet where the private key never exists in one piece: it is split into shares held by different parties, and they sign together…Wallets and security · AdvancedMultisigMultisig is a wallet that needs signatures from several keys to move funds, for example 2 of 3. Losing one key, or having it stolen, does not give…Wallets and security · AdvancedMVRVMVRV is an on-chain indicator equal to a coin's market cap divided by its realized cap. It shows how far holders are in profit or loss on average.DeFi and on-chain · Advanced
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Negative balance protectionNegative balance protection is a rule that stops a client from losing more money than was in the account. If a sharp move pushes the balance below…Forex · BeginnerNetwork fee (gas)A network fee (gas) is what you pay to have a transaction processed on a blockchain such as Ethereum. Validators earn it, and it rises when the…Crypto basics · BeginnerNFP (Non-Farm Payrolls)NFP (Non-Farm Payrolls) is the monthly count of new US jobs outside farming. It usually comes out on the first Friday of the month.Forex · AdvancedNFTAn NFT (non-fungible token) is a unique blockchain record tied to a specific item, such as an image. Two NFTs cannot be swapped one for one.Crypto basics · BeginnerNodeA node is a computer that stores a copy of the blockchain, checks transactions and blocks against the network's rules and passes them on to other…Crypto basics · Advanced
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OCO orderAn OCO order (One Cancels the Other) is a pair of linked orders. When one of them fills, the other is cancelled automatically.Exchanges and trading · AdvancedOff-rampAn off-ramp is a way to turn crypto back into regular money: selling it and withdrawing to a bank account or card, or getting cash.Payments and crypto cards · BeginnerOn-chain analysisOn-chain analysis is studying public blockchain data, such as transfers, address balances and coins moving to and from exchanges, to understand how…DeFi and on-chain · BeginnerOn-rampAn on-ramp is a way to turn regular money into crypto: buying with a card, bank transfer or cash through an exchange, broker-style app or payment…Payments and crypto cards · BeginnerOpen interest (OI)Open interest (OI) is the total number of futures or options contracts that are open and not yet closed. It shows how much money sits in positions,…Derivatives · AdvancedOption premiumAn option premium is the price the buyer pays the seller for an option. It is made up of intrinsic value plus time value.Derivatives · AdvancedOptionsAn option is a contract that gives the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call) or sell (put) an asset at a set price by a certain date. You pay…Derivatives · AdvancedOracleAn oracle is a service that feeds a smart contract data from outside, such as an asset price. The blockchain itself cannot see anything beyond its…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedOrder blockAn order block is a Smart Money Concepts idea: the last opposite candle before a strong impulse. It is a hypothesis about where big players were…Technical analysis · AdvancedOrder bookAn order book is the list of limit buy and sell orders for an asset, grouped by price level. It shows how much people are ready to buy and sell at…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerOTC tradingOTC (over-the-counter) trading is buying or selling a large amount of crypto directly through a dedicated desk or broker, away from an exchange's…Exchanges and trading · AdvancedOverbought and oversoldOverbought and oversold describe a price that has risen or fallen too fast compared with its recent history. They are usually measured with…Technical analysis · BeginnerOvertradingOvertrading is trading too often: taking trades without a real setup, out of boredom, excitement or a need to 'be in the market'. It drains the…Risk management · Beginner
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P2P tradingP2P trading is buying and selling crypto directly between people: money moves by bank transfer from one person to the other, while the platform…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerPassphrase (25th word)A passphrase is an optional extra word or phrase added to a seed phrase. With it, the same 24 words open a completely different wallet, so the seed…Wallets and security · AdvancedPaying with cryptoPaying with crypto means settling for goods and services in cryptocurrency: by sending it straight to the seller's address, through a payment…Payments and crypto cards · BeginnerPerpetual futuresPerpetual futures (perps) are futures contracts with no expiry date. Their price is kept close to spot by funding, regular payments between longs…Derivatives · BeginnerPhishingPhishing is a scam where a fraudster poses as a real service or person to trick you into giving up your seed phrase, password or a transaction…Wallets and security · BeginnerPig butchering scamPig butchering is a long con where a scammer spends weeks building trust, often as a romance or friendship, and then talks you into "investing" on a…Wallets and security · BeginnerPin barA pin bar is a candle with a long wick on one side and a small body at the opposite end. The wick shows that price was sharply rejected from that…Technical analysis · BeginnerPipA pip is the standard minimum price step in forex. For most pairs it is the fourth decimal place (0.0001); for yen pairs it is the second (0.01).Forex · BeginnerPip valuePip value is how much money a one-pip price move makes or loses for a given position size. For 1 lot of EUR/USD it is $10.Forex · BeginnerPipetteA pipette is one tenth of a pip, the fifth decimal place in a quote such as EUR/USD 1.08505. For yen pairs it is the third decimal place.Forex · AdvancedPMIPMI (Purchasing Managers' Index) is a survey of purchasing managers on orders, output and hiring. A reading above 50 means activity is growing;…Forex · AdvancedPnL: realized and unrealizedPnL (profit and loss) is the profit or loss on a trade. Unrealized PnL is the paper result of an open position, while realized PnL is what is locked…Derivatives · BeginnerPonzi schemeA Ponzi scheme is a fraud where "returns" to earlier investors are paid from new investors' money. There is no real profit, and the scheme collapses…Wallets and security · BeginnerPosition sizePosition size is the trade size at which hitting your stop-loss costs a pre-chosen amount. Formula: money at risk / distance to the stop.Risk management · BeginnerPosition tradingPosition trading is a style where trades are held for weeks, months or longer to catch a big trend. Decisions come from daily and weekly charts and…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerPost-only orderPost-only is a limit order setting that only lets the order enter the book as a maker. If it would fill immediately, the exchange cancels it, so you…Exchanges and trading · AdvancedPoW and PoSPoW and PoS are two ways a blockchain decides who adds the next block. In PoW, miners compete with computing power; in PoS, validators lock coins as…Crypto basics · AdvancedPrepaid cardA prepaid card is a card you load with money in advance and spend only that money. It is not credit and usually not a full bank account: once it…Payments and crypto cards · BeginnerPrice actionPrice action is a trading approach where decisions come from price movement itself: candles, levels and market structure, with few or no indicators.Technical analysis · BeginnerPrice channelA price channel is price moving between two parallel lines: a trendline and a line drawn parallel to it through the opposite extremes. Channels can…Technical analysis · BeginnerPrivate keyA private key is a secret number that gives full control over the coins at an address. Whoever knows the key can sign transfers and move the funds.Wallets and security · BeginnerProfit factorProfit factor is total gross profit divided by total gross loss over a period. Above 1 the strategy made money; below 1 it lost money.Risk management · AdvancedProof of reservesProof of reserves is a check that an exchange holds enough assets to cover customer balances. It is usually a snapshot of the exchange's wallets…Exchanges and trading · AdvancedProp challengeA prop challenge is a paid evaluation from a prop firm: hit a profit target without breaking the loss limits. Pass it and you get a funded account.Risk management · BeginnerProp firmA prop firm is a company that lets traders trade its capital and shares the profits with them. Access is usually granted after passing a paid…Risk management · BeginnerPublic keyA public key is a number derived from your private key that is safe to share. The network uses it to verify signatures, and your wallet address is…Wallets and security · AdvancedPump and dumpA pump and dump is market manipulation where a group quietly buys a cheap coin, inflates its price with hype, then sells to the people who bought…Wallets and security · Beginner
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Range (sideways market)A range (sideways market) is a period when price moves between horizontal support and resistance with no clear trend up or down.Technical analysis · BeginnerReduce-only orderReduce-only is a futures order setting that lets an order only reduce or close an open position, never open a new one or add to the current one.Derivatives · AdvancedRequoteA requote is when a broker does not fill your order at the price you asked for and offers a new price instead. You can accept it or cancel the trade.Forex · AdvancedRestakingRestaking is reusing coins that are already staked, usually ETH, to secure other services for extra rewards. In return, the risk of losing part of…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedRetestA retest is price returning to a level it just broke, to test it. If old resistance holds as support (or the reverse), it supports the case for the…Technical analysis · BeginnerRevenge tradingRevenge trading is taking impulsive trades right after a loss to win the money back fast. They are usually bigger and unplanned, so the losses grow.Risk management · BeginnerRisk of ruinRisk of ruin is the probability of losing your whole account, or a set share of it, given your strategy and risk size. It rises sharply when risk…Risk management · AdvancedRisk per tradeRisk per trade is the amount you lose if your stop-loss is hit, usually as a percentage of your account. A common rule for beginners is no more than…Risk management · BeginnerRisk/Reward (R:R)Risk/Reward (R:R) is the ratio of a trade's risk to its potential profit. At 1:2 the target is twice as far as the stop. Break-even win rate = 1 /…Risk management · BeginnerROE in futuresROE (return on equity) in futures is a position's profit or loss as a percentage of the margin put up for it. At 10x leverage a 1% price move gives…Derivatives · BeginnerRSIRSI (Relative Strength Index) is an oscillator from 0 to 100 that compares the strength of recent price gains and losses. Above 70 is conventionally…Technical analysis · BeginnerRug pullA rug pull is a scam where the creators of a crypto project collect buyers' money, then pull the liquidity or dump their own tokens and disappear.Wallets and security · BeginnerRWA (real-world assets)RWAs (real-world assets) are tokens that represent claims on assets outside the blockchain, such as bonds, property, gold or loans. Their value…DeFi and on-chain · Advanced
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Safe-haven assetA safe-haven asset is one investors buy during panics because it tends to hold its value or rise when risky assets fall.Forex · BeginnerSatoshiA satoshi (sat) is the smallest unit of bitcoin: 1 BTC = 100,000,000 satoshis. It is named after Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of bitcoin.Crypto basics · BeginnerScaling in and outScaling in and out means opening or closing a position in parts at different prices instead of all at once. Traders use it to manage risk and lock…Risk management · AdvancedScalpingScalping is a trading style where you catch small price moves and hold a trade from seconds to a few minutes. There are many trades, and profit and…Exchanges and trading · AdvancedSeed phraseA seed phrase is a wallet backup of 12 or 24 words that restores all of its keys. Lose it and you lose access; give it away and you lose the money.Wallets and security · BeginnerSegregated client accountsSegregated client accounts are a rule that a broker keeps client money apart from its own funds. That makes it harder to spend on company costs or…Forex · AdvancedSharpe ratioThe Sharpe ratio is a risk-adjusted return measure: how much a return beats the risk-free rate per unit of volatility. Higher is better.Risk management · AdvancedShort squeeze and long squeezeA short squeeze is a sharp price rise that forces short sellers to close by buying, which pushes price even higher. A long squeeze is the same thing…Derivatives · AdvancedSIM swapA SIM swap is an attack where a scammer moves your phone number onto their own SIM card. They then receive your SMS codes and use them to break into…Wallets and security · BeginnerSlashingSlashing is a penalty in proof-of-stake networks that destroys part of a validator's staked coins and forcibly removes it for a dangerous rule…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedSlippageSlippage is the difference between the price you expected your order to fill at and the price it actually filled at. It grows with low liquidity and…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerSlippage toleranceSlippage tolerance is a DEX setting that limits how much worse than expected your swap price can be. If the price moves further than that, the…DeFi and on-chain · BeginnerSMA (simple moving average)An SMA (simple moving average) is the plain average of the closing prices over the last N candles, recalculated with each new candle and drawn as a…Technical analysis · BeginnerSmart contractA smart contract is a program on a blockchain that carries out the terms written in its code by itself. You trigger it with a transaction and pay a…Crypto basics · BeginnerSmart contract auditA smart contract audit is a security review of a DeFi protocol's or token's code by specialists looking for vulnerabilities and logic errors. It…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedSmart Money Concepts (SMC)Smart Money Concepts (SMC) is a chart-reading approach that tries to follow large players through liquidity, order blocks, imbalances and breaks of…Technical analysis · AdvancedSocial engineeringSocial engineering is a con where the scammer does not hack a system but persuades you to hand over access, money or data yourself, playing on…Wallets and security · BeginnerSource of fundsSource of funds is evidence of where specific money or crypto came from: salary, a sale, savings or trading profits. Banks and crypto services ask…Tax and regulation · BeginnerSpot tradingSpot trading is buying and selling the actual asset with immediate settlement: you pay and receive coins you can withdraw to your own wallet. No…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerSpreadThe spread is the gap between the best sell price (ask) and the best buy price (bid). It is a hidden cost of every trade: the wider the spread, the…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerStablecoinA stablecoin is a token that aims to hold a stable price, most often one US dollar. It can lose its peg (depeg) if its reserves or mechanism fail.Payments and crypto cards · BeginnerStablecoin depegA stablecoin depeg is a loss of its target price, usually $1, when it trades clearly and persistently below or above it. Causes include doubts about…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedStakingStaking is locking coins to help secure a Proof of Stake network and earning rewards for it. Risks: the coins are frozen for a period, and…DeFi and on-chain · BeginnerStochastic oscillatorThe stochastic oscillator is a 0 to 100 indicator that shows where price closed relative to the high-low range of the last N candles (usually 14).Technical analysis · AdvancedStock indexA stock index is a number that tracks the combined price of a group of stocks, such as the 500 largest US companies. It is used to judge how the…Forex · BeginnerStop outA stop out is when a broker force-closes your positions because your margin level has fallen to a set threshold, such as 50%. It stops losses from…Forex · BeginnerStop-limit orderA stop-limit order is an order with two prices: when the market touches the stop price, a limit order is placed at your limit price. It avoids…Exchanges and trading · AdvancedStop-lossA stop-loss is an order that closes your position when price reaches the level where your trade idea is invalidated. It limits the loss in advance.Risk management · BeginnerStrike priceThe strike price is the price at which an option lets you buy (call) or sell (put) the asset. How far the strike is from the current price largely…Derivatives · AdvancedSub-accountA sub-account is a separate account inside your main exchange account, with its own balance, positions and API keys. It helps you separate…Exchanges and trading · AdvancedSupply and demand zonesSupply and demand zones are price areas where a sharp rally (demand) or drop (supply) started before. The idea is that unfilled orders may still be…Technical analysis · AdvancedSupport and resistanceSupport and resistance are levels where price previously stopped or turned. Support sits below the price, resistance above it.Technical analysis · BeginnerSwap (rollover)A swap (rollover) is a charge or credit for holding a position overnight. It depends on the interest-rate gap between the two currencies and the…Forex · BeginnerSwing tradingSwing trading is a trading style where you hold a position for several days to a couple of weeks to catch one price move.Exchanges and trading · Beginner
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Take profitA take profit is an order that automatically closes a trade in profit when price reaches a level you set in advance.Risk management · BeginnerTax-loss harvestingTax-loss harvesting is selling an asset at a loss so the realised loss reduces taxable gains from other trades. It does not work the same way…Tax and regulation · AdvancedTaxable eventA taxable event is an action with an asset that can create a duty to pay tax: for example selling it, swapping it or receiving crypto as income.Tax and regulation · BeginnerTestnet and mainnetMainnet is a blockchain's main network, where coins are worth real money. Testnet is a copy for testing, where coins are free and have no value.Crypto basics · AdvancedTime in force (GTC, IOC, FOK)Time in force is the rule for how long an order stays live and what happens to any unfilled part. The main options are GTC, IOC and FOK.Exchanges and trading · AdvancedTimeframeA timeframe is the stretch of time one candle or bar covers on a chart: 1 minute, 1 hour, 4 hours, a day, a week. It decides which picture of the…Technical analysis · BeginnerTokenA token is a digital asset created by a smart contract on top of someone else's blockchain. It can act as money, a stake in a project, access to a…Crypto basics · BeginnerToken approvalA token approval is a transaction that lets a smart contract spend your tokens. Until you revoke it, the contract can move them without asking you…Wallets and security · AdvancedTokenomicsTokenomics is the economics of a token: how many coins exist, who gets them and when, how they unlock and what they are for. It is not a price…Crypto basics · AdvancedTrade journalA trade journal is a sheet or notes where you record every trade (entry, exit, stop, size, reason and result) so you can see which mistakes you…Risk management · BeginnerTrading botA trading bot is a program that opens and closes trades by itself under set rules, through an exchange API or a built-in service. It executes a…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerTrading feeA trading fee is what an exchange charges to execute a trade, usually a percentage of its size, such as 0.1%. You pay it on every buy and sell, so…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerTrading pairA trading pair is two assets that are exchanged for each other on an exchange, such as BTC/USDT. The pair's price shows how much of the second asset…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerTrading planA trading plan is a written set of rules: what, when and how you trade, how much you risk and what you do after losses. It replaces in-the-moment…Risk management · BeginnerTrading psychologyTrading psychology is how emotions and thinking habits shape trading decisions: fear, greed, excitement and the urge to win losses back. It often…Risk management · BeginnerTrading sessionsTrading sessions are the working hours of the main financial centers: Asian, London and New York. Activity and volatility peak when the London and…Forex · BeginnerTrailing stopA trailing stop is a stop-loss that follows the price at a set distance when it moves your way and stays put when the price turns around.Exchanges and trading · AdvancedTransaction confirmationA confirmation is each new block added to the chain after the block holding your transaction. The more confirmations, the lower the chance the…Crypto basics · BeginnerTravel RuleThe Travel Rule requires crypto service providers to pass sender and receiver details to each other when crypto moves between them, just as banks do…Tax and regulation · AdvancedTRC-20, ERC-20, BEP-20: which networkTRC-20, ERC-20 and BEP-20 are token standards on the Tron, Ethereum and BNB Smart Chain networks. The same USDT exists on each, and the network must…Payments and crypto cards · BeginnerTrendA trend is a sustained direction of price. In an uptrend each peak and trough is higher than the last; in a downtrend each is lower.Technical analysis · BeginnerTrendlineA trendline is a sloped line on a chart drawn through the lows in an uptrend or the highs in a downtrend. It shows the direction and angle of the…Technical analysis · BeginnerTriangle patternA triangle is a chart pattern where price swings between two converging lines and the swings get smaller. It can be symmetrical, ascending or…Technical analysis · BeginnerTVLTVL (total value locked) is the total dollar value of crypto deposited in a DeFi protocol or network. It shows how much money users have entrusted…DeFi and on-chain · Beginner
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US Dollar Index (DXY)The US Dollar Index (DXY) measures the dollar's strength against a basket of six currencies, more than half of which is the euro. A rising DXY means…Forex · AdvancedUSDCUSDC is a stablecoin pegged to the US dollar: 1 USDC aims to be worth $1. It is issued by the company Circle and backed by cash and short-term US…Payments and crypto cards · BeginnerUSDT (Tether)USDT (Tether) is a stablecoin pegged to the US dollar: 1 USDT aims to be worth $1. It is issued by the company Tether and runs on several blockchains.Payments and crypto cards · BeginnerUtility tokenA utility token is a token that gives access to a service's features: paying for it, getting discounts, voting or staking. It gives no ownership in…Crypto basics · Advanced
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ValidatorA validator is a participant in a proof-of-stake network that locks up coins as a deposit and in return checks transactions, proposes new blocks and…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedVASP (virtual asset service provider)A VASP (virtual asset service provider) is a business that provides crypto services: exchange, transfers or custody. FATF coined the term, and such…Tax and regulation · AdvancedVesting and token unlocksVesting is a schedule that releases tokens held by the team, investors and funds gradually rather than all at once. An unlock is the moment the next…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedVirtual cardA virtual card is a payment card with no plastic: it has a number, expiry date and CVV, but lives only in an app. You use it to pay online and…Payments and crypto cards · BeginnerVolatilityVolatility is how much the price swings over a period. High volatility brings more opportunity but also more risk.Technical analysis · BeginnerVolumeVolume is the amount of an asset bought and sold in a period (a candle, a day). It shows how actively people are trading at that price.Technical analysis · BeginnerVolume profileVolume profile is a histogram on the side of the chart showing how much volume traded at each price level. It helps you find the zones where the…Technical analysis · AdvancedVWAPVWAP (volume-weighted average price) is the average trade price over a period, with each price weighted by the volume traded at it. It is usually…Technical analysis · Advanced
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WalletA crypto wallet is an app or device that stores the keys to your coins and signs transactions. The coins themselves live on the blockchain, not in…Wallets and security · BeginnerWallet addressA wallet address is a string of characters people send crypto to, like an account number. It is safe to share, but only the private key gives access…Wallets and security · BeginnerWallet drainerA wallet drainer is a malicious script on a phishing site that tricks you into signing a transaction or approval, then empties everything valuable…Wallets and security · AdvancedWeb3Web3 is the idea of an internet where users own their data and assets through blockchains and crypto wallets, instead of keeping everything on big…Crypto basics · BeginnerWedgeA wedge is a pattern where price moves between two converging lines that both slope the same way. A rising wedge more often breaks down, a falling…Technical analysis · AdvancedWhaleA whale is a market participant holding so many coins that their buying and selling can noticeably move the price. For example, an address with…DeFi and on-chain · BeginnerWhitepaperA whitepaper is a document in which a team describes its crypto project: what problem it solves, how the technology works, why the token exists and…Crypto basics · BeginnerWin rateWin rate is the share of your trades that close in profit. If 6 out of 10 trades are winners, your win rate is 60%. On its own it does not tell you…Risk management · BeginnerWithdrawal networkA withdrawal network is the blockchain an exchange uses to send your coins, for example USDT on Ethereum (ERC-20) or Tron (TRC-20). Sender and…Exchanges and trading · BeginnerWithdrawal whitelistA withdrawal whitelist is an exchange setting that only allows withdrawals to addresses you saved in advance. Even if someone breaks into your…Wallets and security · BeginnerWrapped tokenA wrapped token is a token that represents another asset one to one on a different blockchain or in a different format, such as WBTC for BTC on…DeFi and on-chain · AdvancedWyckoff methodThe Wyckoff method is a way of reading markets through accumulation and distribution cycles, using price and volume to see whether large players are…Technical analysis · Advanced
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